A Domestic Source of Critical Minerals
Lead was added to the U.S. Geological Survey’s Critical Minerals List in 2025, underscoring the importance of maintaining reliable domestic sources of materials essential to the U.S. economy and national security.
Battery recycling provides an established domestic source of lead and also recovers other critical minerals, including antimony and tin. Each year, the U.S. battery recycling infrastructure recycles more than 174 million lead batteries. During the most recent five-year study period, from 2020–2024, domestic lead battery recyclers recovered more than 11 billion pounds of critical-mineral lead.
That recycled material supplies approximately 70% of U.S. lead demand annually, making domestic recycling the primary source of lead for the U.S. market and a critical component of America’s mineral supply.
Through the closed-loop system, used lead batteries are collected and recycled, and their valuable materials are recovered for use in new batteries and other products. This domestic recycling infrastructure helps conserve resources, strengthen supply resilience and support the essential systems that rely on lead batteries every day.